Liquid flow measurements, liquid volume measurements vsl. Flow measurement report monash university che2161\mec2404. Feb 08, 2002 there is a tendency to make flow measurement a highly theoretical and technical subject but what most influences quality measurement is the practical application of meters, metering principles, and metering equipment and the use of quality equipment that can continue to function through the years with proper maintenance have the most influence in obtaining quality measurement. In process industries, flowing systems require energy, typically provided bypumps and compressors, the two produce a pressure difference as the driving force wide variety of methods and instruments for measuring flow devices based on bernoulli principle. The derivation of the reynolds equations, as a basis for numerical flow investigations, led to a system of differential equations which, in addition to the mean values of the components of the flow velocity and the static pressure, contain also turbulent transport terms. Velocity flow measurement techniques al low for the measurement of total flow by measuring the velocity of the fluid within a fixed area duct or pipe. Fluidmechanics measurements in wind tunnel studies, aeroacoustics, and turbulent mixing layers, the theory of fluid mechanics, the application of the laws of fluid mechanics to measurement techniques. The three flow meters involved in the experiment are orifice flow meter, magnetic flow meter, and coriolis flow meter. Flow measurement devices increasing utilization and the value of water makes the understanding of water measuring techniques important and necessary. Flow conditioning and effects on accuracy for fluid flow measurement american school of gas measurement technology 2010 agmsc 2010 page 2 someone using an orifice meter would choose this third option is because there are several flow conditioners on the market that easily outperform the tube bundle flow straightener. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading fluid flow measurement. In process industries, flowing systems require energy, typically provided bypumps and compressors, the two produce a pressure difference as the driving force wide variety of methods. They rapidly and reliably measure the flow velocity and calculate real time flow rates of the liquids. One of the two sensors is constantly heated and the cooling effect of the flowing fluid is used to monitor the flowrate.
Several common flow measurement methods for pipe flow will be presented in this section. The standards in vsls liquid and gas laboratories are regularly compared to those of other national. Particle paths, streamlines and streaklines in 2d steady flow bjc 1. It has been studied only in the last 200 years and in the last 30 years all the new techniques have evolved. The standards in vsls liquid and gas laboratories are regularly compared to those of other national metrology institutes nmis, so that international recognition is guaranteed. The flow measuring apparatus is used to familiarize the students with typical methods of flow measurement of an incompressible fluid and, at the same time demonstrate applications of the bernoullis equation. Finally this paper proposes a new interpolation method for the main flow. Water flow over the weir is calculated by the equation. Mode suppression in fluid flow measurement us5440936a en 19921116. Widely used in oil industry, measurement of honey, chocolate, paint, resin, inks, etc. The dutch measurement standards for flow are based on the quantities mass, length, density and time. Almost all naturally occurring flows on earth, in oceans, and atmosphere are turbulent. The sensors are placed at a certain distance y from the center plane in order to produce a measurement result which is the closest possible representation of the average velocity v average.
It is also possible to measure total flow which is the total volume or mass which has flowed in a set time. Flow sensors of the sonoflow semiflow series are designed for effective flow rate measurement on flexibles tubes. Part 1 of the third fluids lecture as part of the module thermodynamics and fluids ufmequ201, given on 081110. The technique uses a measuring probe to determine the velocity of the fluid in the center portion of the pipe. Pitot tubes the pitot tube are one the most used and cheapest ways to measure fluid flow, especially in air applications like ventilation and hvac systems, even used in airplanes for speed.
A practical guide to accurate flow measurement kindle edition by lanasa, paul j. Accordingly, the fluid flow diagnostics are classified as measurement of local properties velocity, pressure, temperature, density, viscosity, turbulent intensity etc. Three or more indices the same means that there is a mistake in the equation somewhere. The flow regime has a direct impact on the shape of the flow profile within the pipe. Bennett abstract three techniques of boreholeflow measurement are particularly suitable for use. Flow measurement methods, such as the sluice gate and the sharp crested weir will be presented in the.
Bennett abstract three techniques of borehole flow measurement are particularly suitable for use in a water well. Illustration showing how the delivery of oil and gas decreases over the life of the well, with a commensurate increase in the delivery of water. Intro to fluid flow dublin institute of technology. Methods of flow measurement in well bores by eugene p.
Monash university che2161mec2404 fluid mechanics flow measurement semester 2, 2015 26809753 ang chee. Calorimetric flowmeter the calorimetric principle for fluid flow measurement is based on two temperature sensors in close contact with the fluid but thermal insulated from each other. In order to measure the amount of water flowing through an aquaduct, they would place. The experiment of flow meter measurement is conducted to introduce the students to the three different types of commonly used flow meter in the industry. Flow conditioning and effects on accuracy for fluid flow measurement american school of gas measurement technology 2010 agmsc 2010 page 2 someone using an orifice meter would choose. There is now a wide variety of methods available to measure the flow of liquids, solids, gases and vapours. Nov 23, 2010 part 1 of the third fluids lecture as part of the module thermodynamics and fluids ufmequ201, given on 081110. Calculate the head losses from the manometer readings and the flow and cd. Control the flow valve to obtain different readings of the heads in manometers and the corresponding flow from the volume tank. Localized fluid flow measurements with an hene laser spectrometer article pdf available in applied physics letters 410. Pressure measurement with utube liquid column gauge and bourdon gauge. Flow measurements, hotwire anemometry, laserdoppler anemometry lda, particle image velocimetry introduction almost all. Simple flowrate measurement technique click to view movie 54k simple flowrate measurement technique. Information concerning the volume of available water is very helpful in planning.
Optical techniques laser doppler single phase flows two phase flows 1. Basics equations for fluid flow the continuity equation q v. Flow sensors of the sonoflow series are designed for effective flow rate measurement on flexibles tubes. Illustration showing how the delivery of oil and gas decreases over the life of the well, with a commensurate increase in the delivery. Fluid flow measurement selection and sizing oilproduction. In a velocity flowmeter the flow is calculated by measuring the speed in one or more points in the flow, and integrating the flow speed over the flow area. The flow measuring apparatus is used to familiarize the students with typical methods of flow measurement of an incompressible fluid and, at the same time. It is easy to see that this is a simple measurement. The mass flow rate measured in kilograms per second. These sensors are generally part of a flow meter that would help to measure the flow rate. One of the first obstruction flow meters was used by the ancient samarians.
Flow sensors are devices which are used to measure a flow rate of fluid. Accurate flow measurement is very important for proper and equitable distribution of water among water users. Void fraction measurement a va a capacitance measurement b optical characterization 2. Fully developed velocity profiles for laminar and turbulent flow are shown in figure 3. Secondly it seems to be important to improve the integration of the flow profiles near the walls. Flow measurement methods, such as the sluice gate and the sharp crested weir will be presented in the later section openchannel. The derivation of the reynolds equations, as a basis for numerical flow investigations, led to a system of differential equations which, in addition to the mean values of the components of the flow velocity and. Mass flow rate is the ideal measurement value because it is independent of pressure and temperature, although volume flow rate is usually technically more convenient to measure and, therefore, is preferred. Examples of fluid meters gas and liquid flowrate measurements laboratories.
Signifies the amount of fluid in terms of mass or volume that flows past a given point in a. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. Figure 2 shows a sketch of the measurement principle. Flow measurement i hydromechanics vvr090 need for flow measurements accurate record of discharge crucial in many applications. The velocity profile defines how quickly the liquid is travelling at various points across the cross section of the pipe. C 1 i ntroduction to f luid f low stanford university. Pdf localized fluid flow measurements with an hene laser. The velocity profile defines how quickly the liquid is travelling at various points. Structure of the national fluid flow measurement system. Switching outputs allow the switching of external devices such as pumps or valves. Apr 30, 2016 calorimetric flowmeter the calorimetric principle for fluid flow measurement is based on two temperature sensors in close contact with the fluid but thermal insulated from each other. They rapidly and reliably measure the flow velocity and calculate real time flow rates of the. The effect of temperature gradients on ultrasonic flow.
Flow meters for contactless flow measurement of liquids. The flow is determined using a sudden enlargement, venturi meter, orifice plate, elbow and. Fluid flow measurement flow measurement has a history of about 3000 years. It is easy to see that this is a simple measurement technique can be used on nearly any. View lab report flow measurement report from che 2161 at monash university.
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